In 1998, the Rome Statute codified rape, sexual slavery, and forced pregnancy as crimes against humanity, making strides in international criminal law’s treatment of crimes against women. Yet more than two decades later, the Statute remains silent on an emergent system of oppression: from Afghanistan to Iran, governments are not merely discriminating against women, they are governing through a systematic and institutionalised regime of gender-based domination. This regime—where state law and bureaucratic infrastructure are weaponised to exclude women from education, employment, public life, and bodily autonomy—is not incidental. It is deliberate, structural, and enduring. This is gender apartheid: an institutionalised regime of systematic oppression and domination by one gender over another.